Rahul Sachitanand

Marketing in Asia is a balancing act: Visa's Danielle Jin

Marketing in Asia is a balancing act: Visa's Danielle Jin

The brand's Asia CMO discusses the diversified demands of marketing a storied brand in a complex and competitive market. Here's how Visa is iterating campaigns, learning from China and capturing first-party data.

Inconsistent sustainability metrics plague marketers in Asia

Inconsistent sustainability metrics plague marketers in Asia

With hundreds of measurement options and widely varied ESG implementation across markets, CMOs in APAC face a rocky road to improve their sustainability scores.

Tottenham Hotspurs rides digitalisation, personalisation to retain fans

Tottenham Hotspurs rides digitalisation, personalisation to retain fans

With a multitude of entertainment options, the 130-year old club has a fight on its hands to keep consumers—especially millennials—interested in the club, says executive director Donna-Maria Cullen.

As subscriber numbers crater, Netflix mulls cheaper advertising-driven plans

As subscriber numbers crater, Netflix mulls cheaper advertising-driven plans

The video streamer's recent earnings show stress of growing competition, sharing of accounts, and geopolitical tensions.

Customer transformation, digital drive continued resurgence at Dentsu

Customer transformation, digital drive continued resurgence at Dentsu

The group reported 14.9% growth in net revenue at Dentsu Japan Network, and its international business posted a 17.7% uptick in its top line for the first quarter of 2022.

Marketers have to overcome resistance from board on Web3 and the metaverse

Marketers have to overcome resistance from board on Web3 and the metaverse

CAMPAIGN 360: CMOs need to contend with the inevitability of the rise of the latest form of the web and be prepared for new business models it throws up, say marketers in the region.

Apple faces up to $8 billion in losses from supply chain constraints

Apple faces up to $8 billion in losses from supply chain constraints

Despite strong numbers for this quarter, the iPhone maker forecasts growing supply chain pains for its gear and components.

As pandemic gains dry up, frugal times ahead for Amazon

As pandemic gains dry up, frugal times ahead for Amazon

Ad sales growth, along with two years of Covid-fuelled ecommerce growth is slowing, shifting the global online retailer's focus toward cost efficiencies.

GreyNJ United Bangkok shuffles top management

GreyNJ United Bangkok shuffles top management

The agency has promoted Kanaporn Hutcheson to chairwoman and named Thipayachand Hasdin as the new CEO.

Talent platforms &Friends and Cavalry Freelancing to merge

Talent platforms &Friends and Cavalry Freelancing to merge

The combined entity will be renamed &Friends, and will become a global content and production entity.

Will an ad-driven model help Netflix reignite growth?

Will an ad-driven model help Netflix reignite growth?

SOUNDING BOARD: Experts weigh in on how the video streamer's move to offer a cheaper advertising-driven plan may help fix its buffering business.

How to write clearer, more concise marketing briefs

How to write clearer, more concise marketing briefs

MARKETING WORKS: Most marketing briefs not only lack both a clear plan of attack and a strategic direction but also are riddled with jargon, contend the founders of BetterBriefs.

Can adland make work-from-anywhere work?

Can adland make work-from-anywhere work?

With some employees embracing logging in from wherever suits their fancy, the industry faces a race to keep pace with the desires of an increasingly footloose workforce.

Cannes Lions 2022: Despite India’s outperformance, APAC’s metal count dives

Cannes Lions 2022: Despite India’s outperformance, APAC’s metal count dives

Creative leaders reflect on why usually-strong markets such as Japan, New Zealand, Australia and Thailand underwhelmed this year.

Andy Ho promoted to Publicis China's first chief growth officer

Andy Ho promoted to Publicis China's first chief growth officer

The former global client partner will have a wide mandate, including managing the recently acquired Wiredcraft team.

Publicis appoints co-CEOs in Thailand

Publicis appoints co-CEOs in Thailand

The network has replaced long-time leader Songkran "Jod" Sethesompobe with two new leaders under a co-CEO structure.

Unilever's Samir Singh: Sustainability shouldn't burden consumers with guilt or expense

Unilever's Samir Singh: Sustainability shouldn't burden consumers with guilt or expense

In his first interview since becoming Unilever's global personal care CMO, he details how the consumer goods giant is evolving hygiene products into wellness products and is embedding sustainability in its brands while facing growing local competition.

Agencies' innovation fervour tempered in 2021

Agencies' innovation fervour tempered in 2021

AGENCY REPORT CARD ANALYSIS: Rather than announce splashy new concepts, shops preferred to talk about geographically scaling out and commercialising ideas this year.

As war for talent heats up, adland reviews employee engagement

As war for talent heats up, adland reviews employee engagement

According to agency leaders in the region, employers are battling growing wage inflation, a shift of power in the recruitment process, and a stronger demand for flexibility.

AnyMind expands ecommerce capabilities with cross-platform offering

AnyMind expands ecommerce capabilities with cross-platform offering

New offering, AnyX, claims to give brands a single view of their online sales across retailers including Shopee, Lazada, Rakuten, Amazon and Shopify.

How Dhiren Amin plans to use his FMCG skills to transform NTUC Income's marketing

How Dhiren Amin plans to use his FMCG skills to transform NTUC Income's marketing

Former Kraft Heinz CMO looks to drive change at the Singapore-based insurer, which has recently undergone corporatisation and is seeking to expand its digital offerings across the region.

Publicis shuffles leadership in Vietnam

Publicis shuffles leadership in Vietnam

Lukasz Roszczyc has stepped down as CEO and media leader Francois Goddet will return to Europe midyear, to be replaced by Kate Bayona-Garcia and Vineeth Dhruvan, respectively.

Tech platforms' losses from IDFA to hit $16 billion in the coming year

Tech platforms' losses from IDFA to hit $16 billion in the coming year

Facebook to suffer the worst jolt from Apple's privacy squeeze, which caused four large platforms to lose $10 billion in lost revenue, notes a new report from Lotame.

B2B marketers seek creativity boost to stand out

B2B marketers seek creativity boost to stand out

Companies such as Cigna, Microsoft, Intel and Unilever have shown how to deliver innovative B2B campaigns. But APAC is just finding its feet in making this shift.

Tug appoints Karen Soo to lead new SEA business

Tug appoints Karen Soo to lead new SEA business

Soo, who was formerly head of Reprise, will focus on financial services and tech businesses to drive growth in this region.

Entropia’s Prashant Kumar on bridging the gap between new-age and old-world marketing

Entropia’s Prashant Kumar on bridging the gap between new-age and old-world marketing

In his new book, industry veteran and Entropia's founder Kumar details how data is upturning marketing—and what CMOs need to do to keep up.

Why talent is moving from agencies to tech platforms and startups

Why talent is moving from agencies to tech platforms and startups

While pay is a big draw, other compensation such as stock options and bonuses are a key attraction too.

Project vs retainer: Which is better to manage burnout, creativity, and profitability?

Project vs retainer: Which is better to manage burnout, creativity, and profitability?

As more clients split up their marketing budgets, it's making way for short-term projects. We ask agency leaders how this affects staff workload, creative output, and business sense.

After a challenging 2020, M&A action sprung back to life in 2021

After a challenging 2020, M&A action sprung back to life in 2021

YEAR IN REVIEW: If the theme last year was about consolidation of operations and conservation of resources, a pickup in sentiment saw a surge in deal-making in 2021.

Private-equity funds boosted M&A deal-making in 2021: Ciesco

Private-equity funds boosted M&A deal-making in 2021: Ciesco

EXCLUSIVE: These funds accounted for 45% of all deals made in the year, as activity from holding groups and consultancies was muted, according to this advisory's data.

The year ahead for CMOs: Sustainability, purpose, data, agility top the agenda in APAC

The year ahead for CMOs: Sustainability, purpose, data, agility top the agenda in APAC

CMOs in 2022 will be challenged like never before with leaders focusing on brand purpose, data insights, sustainability, agility, complexity and the rise of new media, Campaign has discovered.

TSLA expands Junk's focus, hires Fabian Tan to lead shop

TSLA expands Junk's focus, hires Fabian Tan to lead shop

The Secret Little Agency says the move transforms the unit from a strategic insights bureau into full-service cultural strategy agency.

Fraud-detection firm Human Security gets $100 million in funding

Fraud-detection firm Human Security gets $100 million in funding

The security specialist previously known as White Ops will use the capital to accelerate expansion into new markets and expand its headcount.

WPP's Mindshare, Ogilvy and Wavemaker make strong return to South Asia AOY awards

WPP's Mindshare, Ogilvy and Wavemaker make strong return to South Asia AOY awards

Mindshare bags the top digital- and media-agency awards, while Ogilvy wins the top prize for creative shops in South Asia and Wavemaker wins two people awards.

As borders open, how are travel marketers cashing in on pent-up demand?

As borders open, how are travel marketers cashing in on pent-up demand?

Marketers open up about switching to lower-funnel activity as they prioritise conversions.

Heineken takes KOLs on an Alpine adventure for global Edelweiss campaign

Heineken takes KOLs on an Alpine adventure for global Edelweiss campaign

For a new global campaign, the premium beer brand aimed to leverage local content creators from its various markets. We speak to the global director of Heineken's international premium beer portfolio about how this was done.

Why Heeru Dingra won Woman Leading Change of The Year for a second time

Why Heeru Dingra won Woman Leading Change of The Year for a second time

WOMEN LEADING CHANGE AWARDS 2022: Isobar Group's CEO in India has had a strong year, boosting business growth and driving innovation, all while proving to be an empathetic and enabling leader.

Freelancers are busier than ever, but old headaches persist

Freelancers are busier than ever, but old headaches persist

As agencies and marketing teams increasingly outsource their core offerings, freelancers are being inundated with requests. But issues such as reskilling, timely payments, and burnout are prevalent.

Alibaba posts slowest quarterly growth on record, will review marketing spend

Alibaba posts slowest quarterly growth on record, will review marketing spend

Losses increased because of decline in value of investments in publicly-traded companies; backing for newer businesses such as Taocaicai and Taobao Deals; and the continued impact of Covid.

Brand Health Check: Is it the end of the road for Uber in APAC?

Brand Health Check: Is it the end of the road for Uber in APAC?

'Tears were not shed when the brand exited Southeast Asia': Experts weigh in how the ridesharing and food delivery giant can resurrect its struggling business in the region.

Uneven regulation, tight deadlines catalyse spike in plagiarism

Uneven regulation, tight deadlines catalyse spike in plagiarism

While content creators have been flooded with work recently, they've also had to contend with a flood of copycats. But lax legislation and hesitancy for creators to take action remain pending issues.

Luxury, tech, finance brands rise in Kantar BrandZ rankings

Luxury, tech, finance brands rise in Kantar BrandZ rankings

Based on Kantar's annual BrandZ Most Valuable Global Brands report, Apple knocks Amazon off its perch as Chinese brands' growth dims.

Publicis China buys digital product consultancy Wiredcraft

Publicis China buys digital product consultancy Wiredcraft

With over 100 staff, this deal will help scale the network's digital transformation capabilities in the market.

Tencent cuts 5,000 jobs, slashes marketing spend by 21%

Tencent cuts 5,000 jobs, slashes marketing spend by 21%

Chinese tech platform reports its first revenue dip for the second quarter of its financial year.

Pitch imperfect: Adland struggling to balance hunt for business with sustainable workloads

Pitch imperfect: Adland struggling to balance hunt for business with sustainable workloads

Talent wellness, resources, time, and cost have pushed agencies to be more viable in their search for new business, but not everyone is agreed on the way forward.

How brands celebrated India’s 75th Independence Day

How brands celebrated India’s 75th Independence Day

A round-up of ads from Indian brands including Thums Up, Tata Tea, Godrej Group, and Rage Coffee.

Can VinFast become a global electric vehicle brand?

Can VinFast become a global electric vehicle brand?

BRAND HEALTH CHECK: The Vietnamese brand will need to find a niche for itself in the face of Tesla's overwhelming presence and the acceleration of legacy vehicle makers towards electric propulsion.

Publicis Groupe bags Standard Chartered's global creative business

Publicis Groupe bags Standard Chartered's global creative business

The win follows a competitive three-way tussle and wrests business from incumbent TBWA.

Alibaba cuts marketing spend as it reports first flat revenue growth

Alibaba cuts marketing spend as it reports first flat revenue growth

Softness in Chinese commerce business offset by growth in cloud computing unit.

Amazon promotes advertising offerings as business growth slows

Amazon promotes advertising offerings as business growth slows

AWS and advertising sales were the growth driver for the tech giant.

Suresh Balaji, Sunshine Farzan land global marketing roles at Standard Chartered

Suresh Balaji, Sunshine Farzan land global marketing roles at Standard Chartered

EXCLUSIVE: The two industry veterans will be part of the bank's corporate affairs, brand, and marketing leadership team.

Steep profit decline, muted forecast clouds Alibaba Q3 earnings

Steep profit decline, muted forecast clouds Alibaba Q3 earnings

Chinese technology giant reports heaviest profit decline in five years and slowest revenue growth since it listed in 2014.

Dentsu names global product lead for media

Dentsu names global product lead for media

Rohan Philips takes on responsibility for developing the product strategy and roadmap for Dentsu clients worldwide across Carat, iProspect and Dentsu X.

Can brands and the gaming industry collaborate and profit from the metaverse?

Can brands and the gaming industry collaborate and profit from the metaverse?

GAME CHANGERS: To make a mark, they need to decide on whether their aim is immediate revenue gain or less immediately tangible exposure.

Lazada co-founders' Crea raises $25 million from brand accelerator SuperOrdinary

Lazada co-founders' Crea raises $25 million from brand accelerator SuperOrdinary

Aimone Ripa di Meana and Alessandro Piscini expect the investment to help their venture attract new brands to the digital commerce ecosystem by reaching the United States, China and Southeast Asia.

Netflix CMO Bozoma Saint John bats for increased personalisation and nuance in marketing

Netflix CMO Bozoma Saint John bats for increased personalisation and nuance in marketing

Shifting away from old rules around catering to the masses, the influential marketer tells attendees at Adobe Experience Makers Asia 2021 to listen to a focus group of one.

Dentsu reports improved earnings, led by its domestic business in Japan

Dentsu reports improved earnings, led by its domestic business in Japan

While the Japan business has recovered strongly, its international unit, especially APAC was a drag on third quarter metrics.

BBH wrests Mini China's integrated, creative business from Anomaly

BBH wrests Mini China's integrated, creative business from Anomaly

BMW's premium compact car brand has enlisted the Publicis shop on a five-year contract.

Chinese brands record stellar year in Kantar BrandZ Most Valuable Global Brands 2021

Chinese brands record stellar year in Kantar BrandZ Most Valuable Global Brands 2021

Four of the five brands that doubled their values in the new Global Top 100 hail from the mainland, and China now has 18 homegrown brands in the ranking.

Telkomsel unifies 50 identities in brand relaunch

Telkomsel unifies 50 identities in brand relaunch

The VCCP Partnership, comprising VCCP Singapore, SomeOne and Good Relations, worked on the mandate to refresh and consolidate the brand's identity.

Expertise, understanding and action needed to lift DEI in APAC

Expertise, understanding and action needed to lift DEI in APAC

CAMPAIGN LEADING CHANGE: Senior agency holding group executives remain positive about improving DEI performance, but seek expert help to guide their efforts in this field.

'Frankly, we don't want to see more woke advertising'

'Frankly, we don't want to see more woke advertising'

The EVP of Unilever’s near $10 billion global skin cleansing and oral care unit, Samir Singh, says brands can’t hunt for purpose in the middle of a pandemic.

How Nespresso plans to brew long-term gains from its pandemic buzz

How Nespresso plans to brew long-term gains from its pandemic buzz

Following a recent campaign fronted by longtime ambassador George Clooney, chief brand officer Anna Lundstrom says she wants to deepen the brand's product range and reinforce its purpose to build upon a Covid bump.

Devise more relevant, targeted creatives within APAC to elevate inclusive marketing, say leaders

Devise more relevant, targeted creatives within APAC to elevate inclusive marketing, say leaders

CAMPAIGN LEADING CHANGE: While movements such as Black Lives Matter may have resonated worldwide, ad dollars may be better spent on issues with stronger local context, say brand and media leads.

HBO Max preps launch across Southeast Asia markets

HBO Max preps launch across Southeast Asia markets

The streaming service hires former Disney+ leader Amit Malhotra as MD for SEA and India as a launch looms in Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam.

Not a game: HP's high-stakes bid to win gamers over with Omen

Not a game: HP's high-stakes bid to win gamers over with Omen

CMO Siew Ting Foo explains how HP is working to lure console gamers to the PC platform and build legitimacy for its Omen brand across APAC.

China's Nantou City taps Superunion for modern makeover

China's Nantou City taps Superunion for modern makeover

Remit includes includes strategic brand, experience and communications planning, alongside a total revamp of the visual identity.

Insurance CMOs seek to erase segment's rep for middling creative

Insurance CMOs seek to erase segment's rep for middling creative

CMOs and agency leaders agree the insurance industry isn't known for electrifying creative work. What needs to happen to change that?

Tag acquires digital agency MoniMedia

Tag acquires digital agency MoniMedia

Deal will enable shop to add ecommerce and omni-channel solutions offerings and win a bigger chunk of business from clients.

Mobile, social drive marketing in Cambodia in 2021

Mobile, social drive marketing in Cambodia in 2021

The pandemic has pushed Cambodians to patronise local brands and marketers to lean on KOLs to reach homebound audiences in a fast-emerging market.

Kotex takes nuanced approach to period stigma in APAC

Kotex takes nuanced approach to period stigma in APAC

The brand is pushing to break taboos and introduce more sustainable products across the region to keep pace with heightened awareness among its Gen Z consumers.

Martin Sorrell's S4 Capital, Accenture Interactive drive marcomms M&A surge: Ciesco

Martin Sorrell's S4 Capital, Accenture Interactive drive marcomms M&A surge: Ciesco

With improving sentiment and growing Covid vaccination numbers, deal-making in tech, digital, media and marketing soared 46% in the first half of 2021.

2021 APAC adspend to grow 8% to $229 billion: Dentsu

2021 APAC adspend to grow 8% to $229 billion: Dentsu

Global investment will grow 10.4% in 2021, with all regions seeing growth, according to Dentsu's latest forecast. Digital spend will reach 54% of the total in APAC.

Mobile services brands benefit as Filipinos seek local comfort

Mobile services brands benefit as Filipinos seek local comfort

While Jollibee continues to rule the roost as the strongest local brand in the Philippines, according to our exclusive survey, consumers are seeking comfort in familiar, homegrown brands in the second year of the pandemic.

Phil Adrien's top priorities as Dentsu's CEO, Creative for APAC

Phil Adrien's top priorities as Dentsu's CEO, Creative for APAC

As the network continues to recover, he will work with heavy hitters such as Fred Levron and Merlee Jayme, reach out to key clients and try to build a borderless creative offering at Dentsu.

Lululemon launches 'largest ever' global brand campaign

Lululemon launches 'largest ever' global brand campaign

Designed by Droga5, the campaign aims to target its growing men’s user base, international markets, and younger Gen Z audience.

Twitter ad revenue crosses $1 billion in Q2

Twitter ad revenue crosses $1 billion in Q2

Social-media platform sees overall topline grow by 74% as pandemic rebound and spike in user metrics drive growth.

Convenience economy rises as Filipinos embed themselves at home

Convenience economy rises as Filipinos embed themselves at home

ASIA's TOP 1000 BRANDS: Led by packaged-goods brand CDO, a raft of brands that have eased the burden of successive lockdowns have prospered in this year’s listing of the Philippines' top 100 brands.

Marriott International staggers global campaign release in APAC

Marriott International staggers global campaign release in APAC

How Marriott's regional CMO is adjusting campaign rollout plans to coincide with the reality of uneven post-pandemic revival.

Google ad revenue crosses $50 billion in Q2

Google ad revenue crosses $50 billion in Q2

Parent company Alphabet sees a strong rebound from pandemic constraints, with revenue up 62% and operating income up 31%.

Dat Bike rides with Happiness Saigon as creative partner

Dat Bike rides with Happiness Saigon as creative partner

The FCB-affiliated agency will consult on Dat Bikes’s creative, campaign strategy and communications.

Cannes Lions under fire for lack of diversity

Cannes Lions under fire for lack of diversity

Abraham Abbi Asefaw, ousted dean of the Roger Hatchuel Academy learning program at Cannes, decries the decision to leave the program's leadership devoid of people of colour.

Key lessons for marketers from L’Oréal Indonesia's ecommerce journey

Key lessons for marketers from L’Oréal Indonesia's ecommerce journey

Umesh Phadke, L’Oréal's president director in Indonesia, holds forth on how the cosmetics giant rapidly grew what started as a two-person business, digitising a largely offline market while nippy D2C upstarts added to the competition.

Forrester CMO pushes for tighter integration of sales, marketing and product teams

Forrester CMO pushes for tighter integration of sales, marketing and product teams

Marketers need to tighten up oversight over all the touchpoints in the buying journey, which has increased from 17 to 27 on average during the pandemic, according to Shirley Macbeth.

Uninformed consent, addiction among persistent child safety issues for brands, platforms

Uninformed consent, addiction among persistent child safety issues for brands, platforms

CAMPAIGN360: Around 170,000 children go online for the first time every day, but the industry has yet to find a way to build their trust and target them safely.

'We should celebrate the demise of the cookie'

'We should celebrate the demise of the cookie'

CAMPAIGN 360: Senior marketers from Google, Dole and P&G discuss the opportunity for evolution in the cookieless future, and how far along brands are in transforming.

Can the D2C revolution outlast the pandemic?

Can the D2C revolution outlast the pandemic?

While brands large and small have flocked to the opportunity to directly reach consumers, they are hoping pandemic-driven changes in consumption stick to justify their sweeping change in focus.

Shifting CNY norms open up new opportunities for marketers

Shifting CNY norms open up new opportunities for marketers

UM China-Ocean Engine report shows opportunity to build nuanced and targeted campaigns for a country in transition.

Indonesian and Thai consumers most chatty about brands online: Nielsen

Indonesian and Thai consumers most chatty about brands online: Nielsen

They are leading the way moving interactions from offline conversations to social media interactions and brand endorsements

Cocky American marketers struggle to look beyond data in China

Cocky American marketers struggle to look beyond data in China

Failure to consider cultural and emotional factors limits their ability to crack world's second-largest economy.

'Alibaba's digital transformation of the Olympics is the best marketing': CMO

'Alibaba's digital transformation of the Olympics is the best marketing': CMO

On the sidelines of the launch of a logo for the Olympics, we spoke with Chris Tung, Alibaba CMO, about the company's marketing strategy, plans with the IOC, and digital art installation at Tokyo's Narita Airport.

Chow Tai Fook, Sa Sa closures deepen Hong Kong retail crisis

Chow Tai Fook, Sa Sa closures deepen Hong Kong retail crisis

Luxury jewellery and cosmetic retailers add to growing list of labels paring down their presence as the market slides into recession.

COVID-19 pandemic sees brands rapidly recast marketing plans Asia-wide

COVID-19 pandemic sees brands rapidly recast marketing plans Asia-wide

Almost overnight, brands have shifted their focus to digital and social campaigns to capture consumers at home, but still need to land the right message.

Brand marketers face unique challenges in Myanmar with COVID-19

Brand marketers face unique challenges in Myanmar with COVID-19

TOP OF THE CHARTS: Engaging with this Myanmar's consumers is a challenge, since social media trust is low, says a Humology report.

Early adspend impact of COVID-19 in Hong Kong much sharper than SARS

Early adspend impact of COVID-19 in Hong Kong much sharper than SARS

TOP OF THE CHARTS: Adspend fell 30% in February as pandemic hammered sentiment, but newer categories could soften blow, says Admango.

Stuart McLennan to lead Rakuten Advertising in APAC

Stuart McLennan to lead Rakuten Advertising in APAC

Former DAN media and performance leader in APAC tasked with extending business deeper into Asia

Game on: Nuances crucial to tapping captive esports audiences

Game on: Nuances crucial to tapping captive esports audiences

TOP OF THE CHARTS: In the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, here's how brands can capitalise on the esports explosion.

Game play by women surges during pandemic, action shifts from consoles to mobiles

Game play by women surges during pandemic, action shifts from consoles to mobiles

TOP OF THE CHARTS: Google-Niko Partners report shows that the idea of gaming as a male-dominated market is antiquated, as women's game play and spending rise.

Alibaba posts slowest revenue growth in four years

Alibaba posts slowest revenue growth in four years

Revenues up 38%, profits 50% in Q3, but first quarterly topline decline on record looms as festering Covid-19 hits business hard

Asia provides best ROI for mobile advertising investments, says Liftoff study

Asia provides best ROI for mobile advertising investments, says Liftoff study

CPI for all ad formats are significantly lower, led by natives down a massive 22.6%.